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This mode can be selected with the -std=c11 command-line flag, or -std=gnu11 to enable GNU extensions as well. – Videonauth May 17 '16 at 12:58 show 2 more comments Your Answer. Warn if std::enablesharedfromthis is not uniquely publicly visible 'Compile' not using same options to compiler as 'build' for cmake project. Make Microsoft Unit Testing Framework for C cross platform. Make it possible to see preprocessed C source code (easily in IDE) Have warning C26432 list the missing operators. Invalid Invalid Invalid.

You can add C and C++ code to your Android project by placing the code into a cpp directory in your project module. When you build your project, this code is compiled into a native library that Gradle can package with your APK. Your Java or Kotlin code can then call functions in your native library through the Java Native Interface (JNI). To learn more about using the JNI framework, read JNI tips for Android.

Android Studio supports CMake, which is good for cross-platform projects, andndk-build, which can be faster than CMake but onlysupports Android. Using both CMake and ndk-build in the same module is notcurrently supported.

So, for example, your file is filename.c, then compile using: gcc -std=c99 filename.c which will produce a binary a.out if there are no more errors. If you don't want to use this option, you can declare i before the for loop as follows: int i; for(i = 0; i c.

If you want to import an existing ndk-build library into your Android Studioproject, learn how tolink Gradle to your native library project.

This page shows you how to set up Android Studio with thenecessary build tools, create a new project with C/C++support, and add new C/C++ files to your project.

If instead you want to add native code to an existing project, you need to follow these steps:

  1. Create new native source files and add them to your Android Studio project.
    • You can skip this step if you already have native code or want to import a prebuilt native library.
  2. Configure CMake to build your native source code into a library. You also require this build script if you are importing and linking against prebuilt or platform libraries.
    • If you have an existing native library that already has a CMakeLists.txt build script, or uses ndk-build and includes an Android.mk build script, you can skip this step.
  3. Configure Gradle by providing a path to your CMake or ndk-build script file. Gradle uses the build script to import source code into your Android Studio project and package your native library (the SO file) into the APK.

Once you configure your project, you can access your native functions from Java or Kotlin code using the JNI framework. To build and run your app, simply click Run .

Note: If your existing project uses the deprecated ndkCompile tool, you should migrate to using either CMake or ndk-build. To learn more, go to the section about how to Migrate from ndkCompile.

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Attention experimental Gradle users: Consider migrating to plugin version 2.2.0 or higher, and using CMake or ndk-build to build your native libraries if any of the following apply to you: Your native project already uses CMake or ndk-build; you would rather use a stable version of the Gradle build system; or you want support for add-on tools, such as CCache. Otherwise, you can continue to use the experimental version of Gradle and the Android plugin.

Download the NDK and build tools

To compile and debug native code for your app, you need the following components:

  • The Android Native Development Kit (NDK): a toolset that allows you to use C and C++ code with Android, and provides platform libraries that allow you to manage native activities and access physical device components, such as sensors and touch input.
  • CMake: an external build tool that works alongside Gradle to build your native library. You do not need this component if you only plan to use ndk-build.
  • LLDB: the debugger Android Studio uses to debug native code.

For information on installing these components, see Install and configure the NDK, CMake, and LLDB.

Create a new project with C/C++ support

Creating a new project with support for native code is similar to creating any other Android Studio project, but there is an additional step:

  1. In the Choose your project section of the wizard, select the Native C++ project type.
  2. Click Next.
  3. Complete all other fields in the next section of the wizard.
  4. Click Next.
  5. In the Customize C++ Support section of the wizard, you can customize your project with the C++ Standard field. Use the drop-down list to select which standardization of C++ you want to use. Selecting Toolchain Default uses the default CMake setting.
  6. Click Finish.

After Android Studio finishes creating your new project, open the Project pane from the left side of the IDE and select the Android view. As shown in figure 2, Android Studio adds the cpp group:

Figure 2. Android view groups for your native sources and external build scripts.

Note: This view does not reflect the actual file hierarchy on disk, but groups similar files to simplify navigating your project.

The cpp group is where you can find all the native source files, headers, build scripts for CMake or ndk-build, and prebuilt libraries that are a part of your project. For new projects, Android Studio creates a sample C++ source file, native-lib.cpp, and places it in the src/main/cpp/ directory of your app module. This sample code provides a simple C++ function, stringFromJNI(), that returns the string 'Hello from C++'. You can learn how to add additional source files to your project in the section about how to Create new native source files.

Similar to how build.gradle files tell Gradle how to build your app, CMake and ndk-build require a build script to know how to build your native library. For new projects, Android Studio creates a CMake build script, CMakeLists.txt, and places it in your module’s root directory. To learn more about the contents of this build script, read Configure CMake.

Build and run the sample app

When you click Run , Android Studio builds and launches an app that displays the text 'Hello from C++' on your Android device or emulator. The following overview describes the events that occur in order to build and run the sample app:

  1. Gradle calls upon your external build script, CMakeLists.txt.
  2. CMake follows commands in the build script to compile a C++ source file, native-lib.cpp, into a shared object library and names it libnative-lib.so, which Gradle then packages into the APK.
  3. During runtime, the app's MainActivity loads the native library using System.loadLibrary(). The library’s native function, stringFromJNI(), is now available to the app.
  4. MainActivity.onCreate() calls stringFromJNI(), which returns 'Hello from C++', and uses it to update the TextView.

Note:Instant Run is not compatible with components of your project written in native code.

If you want to verify that Gradle packages the native library in the APK, you can use the APK Analyzer:

Enable
  1. Select Build > Build Bundles(s) / APK(s) > Build APK(s)
  2. Select Build > Analyze APK.
  3. Select the APK from the app/build/outputs/apk/ directory and click OK.
  4. As shown in figure 3, you can see libnative-lib.so in the APK Analyzer window under lib/<ABI>/.

    Figure 3. Locating a native library using the APK Analyzer.

Tip: If you want to experiment with other Android apps that use native code, click File > New > Import Sample and select a sample project from the Ndk list.

Create new C/C++ source files

To add new C/C++ source files to an existing project, proceed as follows:

  1. If you don't already have a cpp/ directory in the main source set of your app, create one as follows:
    1. Open the Project pane from the left side of the IDE and select the Project view from the drop-down menu.
    2. Navigate to your-module > src, right-click on the main directory, and select New > Directory.
    3. Enter cpp as the directory name and click OK.
  2. Right-click on the cpp/ directory and select New > C/C++ Source File.
  3. Enter a name for your source file, such as native-lib.
  4. From the Type drop-down menu, select the file extension for your source file, such as .cpp.
    • You can add other file types to the drop-down menu, such as .cxx or .hxx, by clicking Edit File Types . In the C/C++ dialog box that pops up, select another file extension from the Source Extension and Header Extension drop-down menus and click OK.
  5. If you also want to create a header file, check the Create an associated header checkbox.
  6. Click OK.

After you add new C/C++ files to you project, you still need toconfigure CMake to include them inyour native library.

Additional resources

To learn more about supporting C/C++ code in your app, try the followingresource.

Codelabs

  • Create Hello-CMake with Android Studio,a codelab that shows you how to use the Android Studio CMake template to startAndroid NDK project development

In this tutorial, you will configure Visual Studio Code to use the GCC C++ compiler (g++) and GDB debugger on Ubuntu in the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). GCC stands for GNU Compiler Collection; GDB is the GNU debugger. WSL is a Linux environment within Windows that runs directly on the machine hardware, not in a virtual machine.

Note: Much of this tutorial is applicable to working with C++ and VS Code directly on a Linux machine.

Visual Studio Code has support for working directly in WSL with the Remote - WSL extension. We recommend this mode of WSL development, where all your source code files, in addition to the compiler, are hosted on the Linux distro. For more background, see VS Code Remote Development.

After completing this tutorial, you will be ready to create and configure your own C++ project, and to explore the VS Code documentation for further information about its many features. This tutorial does not teach you about GCC or Linux or the C++ language. For those subjects, there are many good resources available on the Web.

If you have any problems, feel free to file an issue for this tutorial in the VS Code documentation repository.

Prerequisites

To successfully complete this tutorial, you must do the following steps:

  1. Install Visual Studio Code.

  2. Install the Remote - WSL extension.

  3. Install Windows Subsystem for Linux and then use the links on that same page to install your Linux distribution of choice. This tutorial uses Ubuntu. During installation, remember your Linux user password because you'll need it to install additional software.

Set up your Linux environment

  1. Open the Bash shell for WSL. If you installed an Ubuntu distro, type 'Ubuntu' in the Windows search box and then click on it in the result list. For Debian, type 'Debian', and so on.

    The shell appears with a command prompt that by default consists of your user name and computer name, and puts you in your home directory. For Ubuntu it looks like this:

  2. Make a directory called projects and then subdirectory under that called helloworld:

  3. Although you will be using VS Code to edit your source code, you'll be compiling the source code on Linux using the g++ compiler. You'll also debug on Linux using GDB. These tools are not installed by default on Ubuntu, so you have to install them. Fortunately, that task is quite easy!

  4. From the WSL command prompt, first run apt-get update to update the Ubuntu package lists. An out-of-date distro can sometimes interfere with attempts to install new packages.

    If you like, you can run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade to also download the latest versions of the system packages, but this can take significantly longer depending on your connection speed.

  5. From the command prompt, install the GNU compiler tools and the GDB debugger by typing:

  6. Verify that the install succeeded by locating g++ and gdb. If the filenames are not returned from the whereis command, try running the update command again.

Note: The setup steps for installing the g++ compiler and GDB debugger apply if you are working directly on a Linux machine rather than in WSL. Running VS Code in your helloworld project, as well as the editing, building, and debugging steps are the same.

Run VS Code in WSL

Navigate to your helloworld project folder and launch VS Code from the WSL terminal with code .:

You'll see a message about 'Installing VS Code Server'. VS Code is downloading and installing a small server on the Linux side that the desktop VS Code will then talk to. VS Code will then start and open the helloWorld folder. The File Explorer shows that VS Code is now running in the context of WSL with the title bar [WSL: Ubuntu].

You can also tell the remote context from the Status bar.

If you click on the Remote Status bar item, you will see a dropdown of Remote commands appropriate for the session. For example, if you want to end your session running in WSL, you can select the Close Remote Connection command from the dropdown. Running code . from your WSL command prompt will restart VS Code running in WSL.

The code . command opened VS Code in the current working folder, which becomes your 'workspace'. As you go through the tutorial, you will see three files created in a .vscode folder in the workspace:

  • c_cpp_properties.json (compiler path and IntelliSense settings)
  • tasks.json (build instructions)
  • launch.json (debugger settings)

Add a source code file

In the File Explorer title bar, select the New File button and name the file helloworld.cpp.

Install the C/C++ extension

Once you create the file and VS Code detects it is a C++ language file, you may be prompted to install the Microsoft C/C++ extension if you don't already have it installed.

Choose Install and then Reload Required when the button is displayed in the Extensions view to complete installing the C/C++ extension.

If you already have C/C++ language extensions installed locally in VS Code, you'll need to go to the Extensions view (⇧⌘X (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+X)) and install those extensions into WSL. Locally installed extensions can be installed into WSL by selecting the Install in WSL button and then Reload Required.

Add hello world source code

Now paste in this source code:

Now press ⌘S (Windows, Linux Ctrl+S) to save the file. Notice how the file you just added appears in the File Explorer view (⇧⌘E (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+E)) in the side bar of VS Code:

You can also enable Auto Save to automatically save your file changes, by checking Auto Save in the main File menu.

The Activity Bar on the far left lets you open different views such as Search, Source Control, and Run. You'll look at the Run view later in this tutorial. You can find out more about the other views in the VS Code User Interface documentation.

Explore IntelliSense

In your new helloworld.cpp file, hover over vector or string to see type information. After the declaration of the msg variable, start typing msg. as you would when calling a member function. You should immediately see a completion list that shows all the member functions, and a window that shows the type information for the msg object:

You can press the Tab key to insert the selected member; then, when you add the opening parenthesis, you will see information about any arguments that the function requires.

Build helloworld.cpp

Next, you will create a tasks.json file to tell VS Code how to build (compile) the program. This task will invoke the g++ compiler on WSL to create an executable file based on the source code.

From the main menu, choose Terminal > Configure Default Build Task. In the dropdown, which will display a tasks dropdown listing various predefined build tasks for C++ compilers. Choose g++ build active file, which will build the file that is currently displayed (active) in the editor.

This will create a tasks.json file in a .vscode folder and open it in the editor.

Your new tasks.json file should look similar to the JSON below:

The command setting specifies the program to run; in this case that is g++. The args array specifies the command-line arguments that will be passed to g++. These arguments must be specified in the order expected by the compiler. This task tells g++ to take the active file (${file}), compile it, and create an executable file in the current directory (${fileDirname}) with the same name as the active file but without an extension (${fileBasenameNoExtension}), resulting in helloworld for our example.

Note: You can learn more about task.json variables in the variables reference.

The label value is what you will see in the tasks list; you can name this whatever you like.

The 'isDefault': true value in the group object specifies that this task will be run when you press ⇧⌘B (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+B). This property is for convenience only; if you set it to false, you can still run it from the Terminal menu with Tasks: Run Build Task.

Running the build

  1. Go back to helloworld.cpp. Your task builds the active file and you want to build helloworld.cpp.

  2. To run the build task defined in tasks.json, press ⇧⌘B (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+B) or from the Terminal main menu choose Tasks: Run Build Task.

  3. When the task starts, you should see the Integrated Terminal panel appear below the source code editor. After the task completes, the terminal shows output from the compiler that indicates whether the build succeeded or failed. For a successful g++ build, the output looks something like this:

  4. Create a new terminal using the + button and you'll have a bash terminal running in the context of WSL with the helloworld folder as the working directory. Run ls and you should now see the executable helloworld (no file extension).

  5. You can run helloworld in the terminal by typing ./helloworld.

Modifying tasks.json

You can modify your tasks.json to build multiple C++ files by using an argument like '${workspaceFolder}/*.cpp' instead of ${file}. You can also modify the output filename by replacing '${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}' with a hard-coded filename (for example 'helloworld.out').

Debug helloworld.cpp

Next, you'll create a launch.json file to configure VS Code to launch the GDB debugger when you press F5 to debug the program. From the main menu, choose Run > Add Configuration... and then choose C++ (GDB/LLDB).

You'll then see a dropdown for various predefined debugging configurations. Choose g++ build and debug active file.

VS Code creates a launch.json file, opens it in the editor, and builds and runs 'helloworld'.

The program setting specifies the program you want to debug. Here it is set to the active file folder ${fileDirname} and active filename without an extension ${fileBasenameNoExtension}, which if helloworld.cpp is the active file will be helloworld.

By default, the C++ extension won't add any breakpoints to your source code and the stopAtEntry value is set to false. Change the stopAtEntry value to true to cause the debugger to stop on the main method when you start debugging.

The remaining steps are provided as an optional exercise to help you get familiar with the editing and debugging experience.

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Start a debugging session

  1. Go back to helloworld.cpp so that it is the active file.
  2. Press F5 or from the main menu choose Run > Start Debugging. Before you start stepping through the code, let's take a moment to notice several changes in the user interface:

  • The Integrated Terminal appears at the bottom of the source code editor. In the Debug Output tab, you see output that indicates the debugger is up and running.

  • The editor highlights the first statement in the main method. This is a breakpoint that the C++ extension automatically sets for you:

  • The Run view on the left shows debugging information. You'll see an example later in the tutorial.

  • At the top of the code editor, a debugging control panel appears. You can move this around the screen by grabbing the dots on the left side.

Step through the code

Now you're ready to start stepping through the code.

  1. Click or press the Step over icon in the debugging control panel.

    This will advance program execution to the first line of the for loop, and skip over all the internal function calls within the vector and string classes that are invoked when the msg variable is created and initialized. Notice the change in the Variables window on the left.

    In this case, the errors are expected because, although the variable names for the loop are now visible to the debugger, the statement has not executed yet, so there is nothing to read at this point. The contents of msg are visible, however, because that statement has completed.

  2. Press Step over again to advance to the next statement in this program (skipping over all the internal code that is executed to initialize the loop). Now, the Variables window shows information about the loop variables.

  3. Press Step over again to execute the cout statement. (Note that as of the March 2019 release, the C++ extension does not print any output to the Debug Console until the loop exits.)

  4. If you like, you can keep pressing Step over until all the words in the vector have been printed to the console. But if you are curious, try pressing the Step Into button to step through source code in the C++ standard library!

    To return to your own code, one way is to keep pressing Step over. Another way is to set a breakpoint in your code by switching to the helloworld.cpp tab in the code editor, putting the insertion point somewhere on the cout statement inside the loop, and pressing F9. A red dot appears in the gutter on the left to indicate that a breakpoint has been set on this line.

    Then press F5 to start execution from the current line in the standard library header. Execution will break on cout. If you like, you can press F9 again to toggle off the breakpoint.

    When the loop has completed, you can see the output in the Debug Console tab of the integrated terminal, along with some other diagnostic information that is output by GDB.

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Set a watch

Sometimes you might want to keep track of the value of a variable as your program executes. You can do this by setting a watch on the variable.

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  1. Place the insertion point inside the loop. In the Watch window, click the plus sign and in the text box, type word, which is the name of the loop variable. Now view the Watch window as you step through the loop.

  2. Add another watch by adding this statement before the loop: int i = 0;. Then, inside the loop, add this statement: ++i;. Now add a watch for i as you did in the previous step.

  3. To quickly view the value of any variable while execution is paused on a breakpoint, you can hover over it with the mouse pointer.

C/C++ configurations

If you want more control over the C/C++ extension, you can create a c_cpp_properties.json file, which will allow you to change settings such as the path to the compiler, include paths, C++ standard (default is C++17), and more.

You can view the C/C++ configuration UI by running the command C/C++: Edit Configurations (UI) from the Command Palette (⇧⌘P (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+P)).

This opens the C/C++ Configurations page. When you make changes here, VS Code writes them to a file called c_cpp_properties.json in the .vscode folder.

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You only need to modify the Include path setting if your program includes header files that are not in your workspace or in the standard library path.

Visual Studio Code places these settings in .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json. If you open that file directly, it should look something like this:

Closing the WSL session

When you are done working in WSL, you can close your remote session with the Close Remote Connection command available in the main File menu and the Command Palette (⇧⌘P (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+P)). This will restart VS Code running locally. You can easily reopen your WSL session from the File > Open Recent list by selecting folders with the [WSL] suffix.

Next steps

  • Explore the VS Code User Guide.
  • Review the Overview of the C++ extension.
  • Create a new workspace, copy your .json files to it, adjust the necessary settings for the new workspace path, program name, and so on, and start coding!